Pregnancy and childbirth are ordinary events as old as the history of humanity; on the other hand, they represent a tremendous physiological, psychological, and social change for expectant mothers. A woman's adaptation to the pregnancy process is important not only for herself but also for her baby and the beginning of the relationship between them. Pregnancy psychology varies depending on various factors. The psychology of a pregnant woman is shaped by factors such as her mental and physical health, whether she is ready to become a mother, the support she receives from her partner and family, living conditions, and the health status of the unborn baby.
Throughout the 9-month pregnancy process, the expectant mother begins to imagine the baby she is carrying. During this period, the woman must adapt to changes in her body, identity, relationship with her partner, and career, prepare for childbirth, and try to reconcile with the sacrifices required of motherhood.
Generally, the physiological aspects of pregnancy attract more interest, while the psychological aspects are often overlooked. However, this aspect of the process is also quite important. Not every pregnant woman experiences mental health issues, but some may be exposed to psychological problems such as anxiety, fear of childbirth, and increased worries about the future. Such issues can negatively affect the woman, those around her, and her baby. In this case, seeking psychological help can be beneficial.
Previously experienced pregnancy losses also affect pregnancy psychology. Past events such as miscarriage, stillbirth, abortion, and long-term infertility can lead to feelings of anxiety, shame, guilt, and anger during the current pregnancy. In this situation, the woman and her partner may seek the help of a psychologist to assist them in mourning their past losses and overcoming their effects.
First 3 Months: Adapting to the Idea of Pregnancy
During the period between conception and 12 weeks of pregnancy, women experience significant hormonal and physiological changes, but the signs of ectopic pregnancy are not pronounced. Feelings of fatigue and nausea can intensify emotional responses. A woman who constantly experiences these issues may find it difficult to feel excited about becoming a mother and may even experience indecision about continuing the pregnancy.
The hormonal changes caused by pregnancy can lead women who have previously had miscarriages to experience intense worries about childbirth. Screenings that can be done in the first trimester may instill confidence or increase anxiety depending on the results. The threat of miscarriage or a history of previous miscarriages can also hinder the visualization of the expected baby.
Second 3 Months: The Baby is Moving
In the second trimester, the pregnant woman begins to feel her baby moving. In a first pregnancy, fetal movements are usually felt after the 20th week. If a second baby is expected, this may occur from the 16th week onwards. During this period, the expectant mother is likely to feel physically more comfortable and can continue to imagine her baby.
According to some studies, dreams related to the baby are intensified and detailed between the fourth and seventh months, peaking in the seventh month.
Third 3 Months: Preparing for the Baby's Arrival
In the final months of pregnancy, expectant mothers typically begin to prepare for the baby's arrival. While their attention is directed towards childbirth, they may also experience intense anxieties. At this stage, concerns about things going wrong regarding childbirth or the baby may resurface.
Postpartum Mental State
A difficult or traumatic birth can lead the mother to feel physically and emotionally exhausted. Struggling to adapt to her new position in life and experiencing issues such as eating disorders can negatively affect the mother-baby relationship. Research indicates that 2 to 9 percent of women experience post-traumatic stress disorder after childbirth. This rate is much higher for those who become mothers at an older age.
The shortening of the 9-month pregnancy process due to premature birth can lead parents to feel unprepared and as if they have left something out, causing various concerns about their baby's health. Worries about the baby's health and feelings of guilt related to not being able to carry the baby to the normal delivery time can negatively affect the early parent-baby relationship.
Even if a birth is considered routine and successful by the healthcare personnel, a mother who feels she has not done enough or has not met expectations may feel scared and out of control. This situation can lead to feelings of not enjoying motherhood and not meeting the standards that a good mother should possess. If such negative feelings and beliefs are at a level that causes anxiety, consulting a psychologist can be beneficial.
Psychology and Mental Health
